Nd: YVO4 crystal

Nd: YVO₄ crystal belongs to the tetragonal system, positive uniaxial crystal. Nd: YVO₄ crystal has been commonly identified as a crucial laser product since its growth in 1966.

Nevertheless, the researchers found flaws in the scattering center, absorption color center, and so on. It is, therefore, impossible to grow premium crystals of the size needed for a flash pump.

Thankfully, it has superb absorption and also gains to the wavelength of diode radiation. And the transmission section is huge. The outcome laser has great polarization features. These are enough to cover the shortcomings of its tiny growth size.

Benefits

Nd: YVO₄ crystal has excellent properties. Compared to another generally made use of Nd: YAG crystal (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal), its pump broadband is a lot more substantial. The absorption transmission capacity effectiveness is greater. The boosted emission cross-section is much more comprehensive and also has exceptional development worth.

Nd: YVO₄ crystals are used combined with nonlinear optical crystals such as LBO crystals, BBO crystals, KTP crystals, and so on. It can understand frequency-doubling conversion and change functioning wavelength. The all-solid-state laser made of Nd: YVO₄ crystal can outcome near-infrared light, green light, blue light, ultraviolet light, and so on.

• Concerning 808 nm pump data transfer, about the Nd: YAG 5 times
• The section at 1064 nm of the boosted exhaust of radiation is an Nd: YAG 3 times.
• The light damage threshold is low, with high slope effectiveness
• Uniaxial crystal axis, the output of linear polarization

Weak points

Compared with the traditional Nd: YAG crystal, Nd: YVO₄ has the advantages of a much more significant absorption coefficient, greater emission cross section, polarization absorption and also exhaust qualities, larger absorption data transfer, as well as insensitivity to the temperature level modification of the diode. Consequently, it is commonly used in LD-pumped solid-state lasers.

Nevertheless, it has a large exhaust cross-section and a short upper power lifetime. The power storage capability of Nd: YVO₄ is much less than that of Nd: YAG. Not for high energy, peak power of the Q-switched over pulse output. Their advantages are restricted to continual wave output, high ordinary control, and high conversion performance. On top of that, the thermal conductivity of Nd: YVO₄ is really tiny, only half that of Nd: YAG. Therefore, it is not conducive to attaining high-power constant wave outcomes.

Apply

Neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate (Nd: YVO₄) crystal is a sort of laser crystal with superb efficiency, which is suitable for making a laser diode pump, specifically a low-power laser. Compared with Nd: YAG, Nd: YVO₄ has a greater absorption coefficient and also a larger boosted exhaust cross-section.

Laser diode-pumped Nd: YVO₄ crystals are integrated with LBO, BBO, KTP, and also other crystals with high nonlinear coefficients. It can accomplish far better frequency-doubling conversion performance. It can output near-infrared, green, and blue ultraviolet as well as solid-state lasers.

Nd: YVO₄ crystals can be extensively used in optical interaction, commercial laser processing, laser varying, semiconductor detection, data storage space, display, laser printing, clinical assessment, equipment, scientific research study, and various other fields.

Moreover, Nd: YVO₄ diode-pumped solid-state lasers are quickly changing standard water-cooled ion lasers as well as lamp-pumped lasers in the market, particularly in terms of miniaturization and also single longitudinal setting output.

In the 21st century, many downstream sectors of Nd: YVO₄ crystal is booming, and the application variety of Nd: YVO₄ crystal is regularly broadening with obvious efficiency benefits.

Growth method

In the 1960s, Nd: YVO₄ crystal was established. It was removed from salt metavanadate melt by the air conditioning method. The size of the Nd: YVO₄ crystal expanded by this method was small. Ever since, the development process of Nd: YVO₄ crystal has been advanced, such as the Zhilar method, flame melting method, floating area development method, Bryman method, and also the pull method. Currently, the growth methods of Nd: YVO₄ crystal are numerous. The illustration method is the mainstream Nd: YVO₄ crystal development procedure, which can grow large, top-quality crystals.

Pulling method.

Nd³⁺: YVO₄, crystal melting point is extremely high (concerning 1820 ℃), need to make use of gold-dependent crucible growth, gold-dependent crucible will certainly be oxidized at heat, need to use a neutral gas (hydrogen) to safeguard the crucible.

By doing this, growing in an anoxic environment, the melted component will decompose right into inexpensive vanadium oxide (part of YVO4 will certainly break down into YVO₃), and oxygen shortage will occur in the crystal, causing the generation of the color center.

Growing in an oxygen-rich atmosphere will lead to severe oxidation of the crucible. The minimized episcopes create additions inside the crystal. This will result in solid melt volatilization, leading to element variance.

By using different growing atmospheres in different phases, the oxygen shortage in the crystal can be supplemented, the volatilization of basic materials can be hindered, the single-phase growth of the crystal can be guaranteed, and the crystal can not be smudged or spread due to oxygen shortage because of hypoxia.